Application of ASJ Series Residual Current Relay in Rural Power Safety Management

安科瑞 王沖

摘要：近年來(lái)，農(nóng)村配電臺(tái)區(qū)總保護(hù)器的安裝率、投運(yùn)率、運(yùn)行合格率逐步上升，農(nóng)戶家用漏電保護(hù)器的安裝率、投運(yùn)率也得到了廣泛的普及。通過(guò)狠抓剩余電流動(dòng)作保護(hù)器的管理，取得了成效，通過(guò)保護(hù)器普遍的投運(yùn)安裝，農(nóng)電觸電傷亡事故大大減少，農(nóng)村供電可靠性明顯提高，農(nóng)電設(shè)備健康狀況明顯好轉(zhuǎn)，農(nóng)村低壓線損下降顯著。

關(guān)鍵詞：農(nóng)村；漏電保護(hù)器；觸電

Abstract: In recent years, the rate of installation, commissioning and and operation qualification rate of total protectors have gradually increased,and the installation rate and commissioning rate of household leakage protectors in rural households have also been widely popularized. By paying close attention to the management of residual current-operated protectors, results have been achieved. By the general installation of protectors, the accidents of electric shock and casualties of rural electric shocks have been greatly reduced, the reliability of rural power supply has been significantly improved, the health of rural power equipment has improved significantly, and Rural low-voltage line loss has dropped significantly.

Keywords: village; leakage protector; electric shock 

0：概述 Overview

   在低壓配電系統(tǒng)中，直接接觸電擊防護(hù)采用額定動(dòng)作電流不超過(guò)30mA、無(wú)延時(shí)動(dòng)作的剩余電流動(dòng)作保護(hù)器，作為直接接觸電擊保護(hù)的補(bǔ)充保護(hù)措施，以便在直接接觸電擊的基本防護(hù)措施失效時(shí)，作后備保護(hù)。這種補(bǔ)充防護(hù)在特殊情況下是有效防護(hù)措施，因此在GB13955-2005《剩余電流保護(hù)裝置安裝和運(yùn)行》中明確規(guī)定，在直接接觸點(diǎn)擊防護(hù)中要安裝剩余電流保護(hù)裝置。

In the low-voltage power distribution system, direct contact electric shock protection adopts a residual current operated protector with a rated operating current of no more than 30mA and no delay action, as a supplementary protection measure for direct contact electric shock protection, so that it can provide backup protection when the basic protection measure for direct contact with electric shock fails.This supplementary protection is an effective protection measure under special circumstances. Therefore, it is clearly stipulated in GB13955-2005 "Residual Current Protection Device Installation and Operation" that,a residual current protection device must be installed in the direct contact and click protection.

1：采用剩余電流動(dòng)作保護(hù)器保安全

Use residual current action protector to ensure safety

剩余電流保護(hù)裝置在低壓系統(tǒng)中，電氣設(shè)備絕緣故障的接地短路，造成間接電擊的電流值一般是很小的，不足以使系統(tǒng)的過(guò)電流保護(hù)裝置自動(dòng)切斷電源。而剩余電流動(dòng)作保護(hù)器是靠故障時(shí)形成的剩余電流動(dòng)作的，其動(dòng)作值與負(fù)荷電流無(wú)關(guān)，且只為毫安級(jí)。在規(guī)定條件下，當(dāng)剩余電流動(dòng)作保護(hù)器的動(dòng)作電流值達(dá)到或超過(guò)給定的電流值時(shí)，能自動(dòng)切斷電源，通常用于故障情況下自動(dòng)切斷電源的防護(hù)。因此，剩余電流動(dòng)作保護(hù)器可作為直接接觸電擊保護(hù)、間接接觸電擊保護(hù)，接地故障保護(hù)、電氣火災(zāi)保護(hù)。

    Residual current protection devices in low-voltage systems, electrical equipment insulation fault grounding short-circuit, the current value causing indirect electric shock is generally very small, not enough to make the system's over-current protection device automatically cut off the power supply. The residual current operated protector operates on the residual current formed in the event of a fault, and its operating value has nothing to do with the load current and is only in the milliampere level. Under specified conditions, when the operating current value of the residual current-operated protector reaches or exceeds the given current value, it can automatically cut off the power supply. It is usually used to automatically cut off the power supply in the event of a fault. Therefore, the residual current operated protector can be used as direct contact electric shock protection, indirect contact electric shock protection, ground fault protection, and electrical fire protection.

2.在農(nóng)電安全管理中的應(yīng)用

Application in rural power safety management

1） 保障人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全，促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧。在農(nóng)村用電水平不高，農(nóng)民的安全用電意識(shí)還沒(méi)有得到加強(qiáng)，安全常識(shí)還沒(méi)有普及的情況下，剩余電流動(dòng)作保護(hù)器成為保障人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全的重要技術(shù)手段，推廣使用剩余電流動(dòng)作保護(hù)器，也是縣級(jí)供電企業(yè)加強(qiáng)農(nóng)電安全管理，確保人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全的有效措施。因此，加強(qiáng)剩余電流動(dòng)作保護(hù)器的管理，確保其正確動(dòng)作和可靠運(yùn)行，尤顯重要。

Ensure the safety of people's lives and property and promote social harmony. When the level of electricity consumption in rural areas is not high, farmers’ awareness of safe electricity use has not been strengthened, and common sense of safety has not been popularized, residual current action protectors have become an important technical means to ensure the safety of people’s lives and properties, and the use of residual current action protection has been promoted. It is also an effective measure for county-level power supply companies to strengthen the safety management of rural power and ensure the safety of people’s lives and property. Therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen the management of residual current operated protectors to ensure their correct action and reliable operation. 

2） 促進(jìn)降損增效，有利于供電企業(yè)效益的提高。保護(hù)器的可靠運(yùn)行，對(duì)降損增效，發(fā)揮了重要作用。通過(guò)時(shí)間比較，有些低壓線損高的臺(tái)區(qū)，就是保護(hù)器跳閘頻繁，或者是保護(hù)器不能正常運(yùn)行的臺(tái)區(qū)，由于線路漏電電流較大，造成電量損失，給供電企業(yè)的降損增效工作增加了一定難度。

Promote loss reduction and efficiency enhancement, which is conducive to the improvement of the efficiency of power supply enterprises.The reliable operation of the protector plays an important role in reducing loss and increasing efficiency.Through time comparison, some stations with high low-voltage line loss are those where the protector trips frequently or the protector does not operate normally. Due to the large leakage current of the line, the power loss is caused, which will reduce the loss and increase the efficiency of the power supply company. Increased a certain degree of difficulty.

3） 促進(jìn)安全隱患的消除，提高設(shè)備健康水平。要使保護(hù)器可靠運(yùn)行，消除設(shè)備隱患是關(guān)鍵。一是要消滅無(wú)保護(hù)死角，使全局所有農(nóng)村居民用戶，達(dá)到總保護(hù)器的保護(hù)范圍，無(wú)縫覆蓋，其次是減少停電面，在部分用戶多、用電量大的臺(tái)區(qū)，安裝二級(jí)保護(hù)裝置，提高供電可靠性和保護(hù)器的投運(yùn)率，及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)和處理安全隱患；二是不斷提高保護(hù)器的運(yùn)行可靠性，將所有的變壓器中性點(diǎn)接地線與變壓器外殼接地共用的線要分開(kāi)，保障保護(hù)器的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行；三是加強(qiáng)配電區(qū)整治，提高設(shè)備的健康水平。

Promote the elimination of potential safety hazards and improve the health of equipment.To make the protector operate reliably, eliminating the hidden dangers of the equipment is the key. The first is to completely eliminate unprotected blind spots, so that all rural residents in the world can reach the protection range of the total protector and seamlessly cover. The second is to reduce power outages. In some areas with many users and high power consumption, install secondary protection The device can improve the reliability of power supply and the operating rate of the protector, and find and deal with hidden safety hazards in time; the second is to continuously improve the operating reliability of the protector, and completely separate all the transformer neutral ground wires from the common wire of the transformer shell grounding , To ensure the stable operation of the protector; the third is to strengthen the renovation of the power distribution area to improve the health of the equipment.

4） 有利于供電所管理和建設(shè)。通過(guò)安裝漏電保護(hù)器后，縮小故障點(diǎn)，便于有針對(duì)性地排查，一般故障農(nóng)戶大多都能處理，臺(tái)區(qū)管理員也從繁瑣的工作中解脫出來(lái)，有利于供電所管理，使臺(tái)區(qū)管理員把更多的精力放在營(yíng)銷(xiāo)管理、服務(wù)上來(lái)。

Conducive to the professional management and construction of power supply stations. After installing the leakage protector, the fault points can be reduced to facilitate targeted investigation. Most farmers can deal with the fault, and the station administrators are also free from the tedious work, which is conducive to the professional management of the power supply station and makes the station area easier. The administrator puts more energy on marketing management and quality service.

3. 產(chǎn)品概述 Product overview

常見(jiàn)的相與相間發(fā)生短路可以產(chǎn)生很大電流，可采用開(kāi)關(guān)保護(hù)，而發(fā)生人體觸電、線路老化而導(dǎo)致的電流泄露產(chǎn)生的火災(zāi)以及設(shè)備的接地故障都是由于漏電流所造成，漏電流一般都在30mA-3A，這些值很小，傳統(tǒng)開(kāi)關(guān)無(wú)法進(jìn)行保護(hù)，所以要采用剩余電流動(dòng)作保護(hù)裝置。

The common phase-to-phase short circuit can generate a large current, which can be protected by a switch. However, the current leakage caused by human body electric shock and line aging and the ground fault of the equipment are caused by leakage current. The leakage current is generally At 30mA-3A, these values are so small that traditional switches cannot be protected, so a residual current-operated protection device must be used.

剩余電流繼電器是由剩余電流互感器來(lái)檢測(cè)剩余電流，并在規(guī)定條件下，當(dāng)剩余電流達(dá)到或超過(guò)給定值時(shí)，使電器的一個(gè)或多個(gè)電氣輸出電路中的觸點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生開(kāi)閉動(dòng)作的開(kāi)關(guān)電器。

The residual current relay is a residual current transformer to detect the residual current, and under specified conditions, when the residual current reaches or exceeds a given value, one or more electrical output circuit contacts in the electrical appliance will open and close. Switch electrical appliances.

下面介紹三種常見(jiàn)的漏電情況。Here are three common leakage situations.

1、 防直接接觸電擊要采用I△n≤30mA的高靈敏度的RCD。

High-sensitivity RCD with I△n≤30mA must be used to prevent direct contact and electric shock.

2、 防間接接觸電擊可采用I△n大于30mA的中靈敏度的RCD。

The medium sensitivity RCD with I△n greater than 30mA can be used to prevent indirect contact electric shock.

3、 防火RCD需采用4極或2極RCD。

A 4-pole or 2-pole RCD shall be used for fireproof RCD.

對(duì)于IT系統(tǒng)，按規(guī)定采用剩余電流繼電器。為防止系統(tǒng)絕緣降低和作為二次故障后備保護(hù)，依據(jù)接線型式，采用類(lèi)似 TT 或 TN 系統(tǒng)的保護(hù)措施。首先應(yīng)采用絕緣監(jiān)視裝置，預(yù)測(cè)一次故障。

For the IT systems, residual current relays are used as required. In order to prevent the insulation of the system from degrading and as a secondary fault backup protection, according to the wiring type, a protective measure similar to the TT or TN system is adopted. First, an insulation monitoring device should be used to predict a failure.

對(duì)于TT系統(tǒng)，推薦采用剩余電流繼電器。因?yàn)楫?dāng)發(fā)生單相接地故障時(shí)，故障電流很小，且較難估計(jì)，達(dá)不到開(kāi)關(guān)的動(dòng)作電流，外殼上將出現(xiàn)危險(xiǎn)電壓。此時(shí)N線要穿過(guò)剩余電流互感器。

For the TT system, a residual current relay is recommended. Because when a single-phase ground fault occurs, the fault current is very small and difficult to estimate. If the operating current of the switch is not reached, a dangerous voltage will appear on the housing. At this time, the N wire must pass through the residual current transformer.

對(duì)于TN-S系統(tǒng)，可采用剩余電流繼電器。更快速靈敏切斷故障，以提高安全可靠性，此時(shí) PE 線不得穿過(guò)互感器，N 線要穿互感器，且不得重復(fù)接地。 

For the TN-S system, a residual current relay can be used. Cut off the fault more quickly and sensitively to improve safety and reliability. At this time, the PE wire must not pass through the transformer, and the N wire must pass through the transformer, and it must not be grounded repeatedly.

對(duì)于TN-C系統(tǒng)，不能采用剩余電流繼電器。因?yàn)?PE 線和 N 線合一，若 PEN 線不重復(fù)接地，當(dāng)外殼帶電，互感器進(jìn)出電流相等，ASJ拒動(dòng)；若PEN線重復(fù)接地，部分單相電流將流入重復(fù)接地，達(dá)一定值后，ASJ 誤動(dòng)。 需將TN-C系統(tǒng)改造成TN-C-S系統(tǒng)，同TN-S系統(tǒng)，再將剩余電流互感器接入TN-S系統(tǒng)中。

For TN-C systems, residual current relays cannot be used. Because the PE wire and the N wire are integrated, if the PEN wire is not repeatedly grounded, when the shell is energized, the current in and out of the transformer is equal, and the ASJ refuses to move; if the PEN wire is repeatedly grounded, part of the single-phase current will flow into the repeated grounding. After reaching a certain value, ASJ malfunctioned. It is necessary to transform the TN-C system into a TN-C-S system, which is the same as the TN-S system, and then connect the residual current transformer to the TN-S system.

4.產(chǎn)品簡(jiǎn)介  Product Introduction

安科瑞電氣ASJ系列剩余電流繼電器能夠滿足上述幾種漏電情況的防護(hù)，與遙控跳閘開(kāi)關(guān)聯(lián)用，及時(shí)切斷電源，防止間接接觸、限制漏電電流。也可以直接作為信號(hào)繼電器，監(jiān)控電力設(shè)備。特別適用于學(xué)校、商廈、工廠車(chē)間、集貿(mào)市場(chǎng)、工礦企業(yè)、國(guó)家重點(diǎn)消防單位、智能大廈與小區(qū)，地鐵、石油化工、電信及國(guó)防等部門(mén)用電的安全保護(hù)。

Acrel Electric's ASJ series residual current relay can meet the protection of the above-mentioned leakage conditions, and it can be used in conjunction with a remote trip switch to cut off the power supply in time to prevent indirect contact and limit the leakage current. It can also be directly used as a signal relay to monitor power equipment. It is especially suitable for the safety protection of electricity consumption in schools, commercial buildings, factory workshops, bazaars, industrial and mining enterprises, national key fire protection units, smart buildings and communities, subways, petrochemicals, telecommunications and national defense departments.

ASJ系列產(chǎn)品主要有兩種安裝方式，ASJ10系列為導(dǎo)軌安裝，外形和功能如下表所示：

ASJ series products mainly have two installation methods. ASJ10 series are rail-mounted installations. The appearance and functions are shown in the following table:

ASJ20系列為面板安裝，外形和功能如下表所示：

ASJ20 series are panel mounted, the appearance and function are shown in the table below

其中AC型和A型剩余電流繼電器的區(qū)別是：AC型剩余電流繼電器是對(duì)突然施加或緩慢上升的剩余正弦交流電流能確保脫扣的剩余電流繼電器，主要監(jiān)測(cè)正弦交流信號(hào)。A型剩余電流繼電器是對(duì)突然施加的或緩慢上升的剩余正弦交流電流和剩余脈動(dòng)直流電流能確保脫扣的剩余電流繼電器，主要監(jiān)測(cè)正弦交流信號(hào)和脈沖直流信號(hào)。 

Among them, the difference between AC type and A type residual current relay is: AC type residual current relay is a residual current relay that can ensure the tripping of the residual sinusoidal alternating current that is suddenly applied or slowly rising, and it mainly monitors sinusoidal alternating current signals. Type A residual current relay is a residual current relay that can ensure the tripping of residual sinusoidal alternating current and residual pulsating direct current that is applied suddenly or slowly, and mainly monitors sinusoidal alternating current signals and pulsed direct current signals.

儀表具體的接線端子和典型接線如下所示：

The specific wiring terminals and typical wiring of the instrument are as follows:

5.結(jié)語(yǔ)  Conclusion

漏電保護(hù)器的使用能夠有效地避免居民觸電的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生，同時(shí)能夠提醒用戶及時(shí)采取必要的防護(hù)措施，同時(shí)采用分級(jí)保護(hù)，可以有效減小故障點(diǎn)，避免更大的損失。ASJ系列剩余電流繼電器產(chǎn)品能夠監(jiān)測(cè)線路中的漏電流，當(dāng)漏電流達(dá)到或者超過(guò)設(shè)定值時(shí)，內(nèi)部繼電器動(dòng)作，發(fā)出告警，并能與斷路器開(kāi)關(guān)聯(lián)動(dòng)，快速切斷線路，保證線路安全。

The use of leakage protectors can effectively prevent residents from getting electric shock, and can remind users to take necessary protective measures in time. At the same time, the use of hierarchical protection can effectively reduce failure points and avoid greater losses. ASJ series residual current relay products can monitor the leakage current in the line. When the leakage current reaches or exceeds the set value, the internal relay will act to issue an alarm, and can be linked with the circuit breaker switch to quickly cut off the line to ensure line safety.

參考文獻(xiàn) References

[1]張杰, 王劍鳴. 以剩余電流動(dòng)作保護(hù)器為平臺(tái)實(shí)現(xiàn)臺(tái)區(qū)智能化管理[C]// 中國(guó)電機(jī)工程學(xué)會(huì). 中國(guó)電機(jī)工程學(xué)會(huì), 2016. 

[2]企業(yè)微電網(wǎng)設(shè)計(jì)與應(yīng)用手冊(cè).2020.6

[3]胡凱. 建筑電氣工程施工中的漏電保護(hù)技術(shù)分析[J]. 門(mén)窗, 2017(2).

[4]王勇. 剩余電流動(dòng)作保護(hù)器在農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)中的應(yīng)用[J]. 農(nóng)村電工, 2005, 11(11):21-21.

[5]康曉文. 剩余電流動(dòng)作保護(hù)器在農(nóng)電安全管理中的應(yīng)用[J]. 大眾用電, 2010(06):42-42.

[1]Jie Zhang, Jianming Wong. Using residual current action protector as a platform to realize intelligent management of station area[C]// Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering. Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering, 2016.

[2] Enterprise Microgrid Design and Application Manual. 2020.6

[3]Kai Hu. Analysis of leakage protection technology in the construction of electrical engineering of buildings[J]. Doors and Windows, 2017(2).

[4]Yong Wong. Application of residual current operated protector in rural power grid[J]. Rural Electrician, 2005, 11(11):21-21.

[5]Xiaowen Kang. Residual current operated protector in rural power safety management Application in [J]. Popular Electricity, 2010(06):42-42.